Как исправить ошибки на внешнем жестком диске через командную строку

Команда CHKDSK предназначена для проверки и устранения логических ошибок на жестком диске. Ниже мы рассмотрим особенности её работы и другие функции утилиты.

Содержание

1. Проверка жесткого диска в работающей Windows
2. Проверка диска из командной строки
3. Команды для работы с CHKDSK в командной строке
4. Восстановление информации с проблемного жесткого диска

Команда CHKDSK является встроенной утилитой, основная функция которой заключается в проверке и исправлении ошибок жесткого диска. Помимо этого, при помощи CHKDSK можно быстро находить и исправлять поврежденные сектора, а также ошибки в файловой системе накопителя.

Таким образом, CHKDSK – важная утилита, позволяющая продлить строк службы жесткого диска, а также увеличить скорость его работы, поэтому абсолютно каждый пользователь ОС Windows должен уметь пользоваться и проверять свои носители встроенными средствами. Ниже будет представлено несколько способов проверки дисков из работающей ОС и командной строки.

Проверка жесткого диска в работающей Windows

Для проверки логических разделов жесткого диска при помощи CHKDSK в работающей Windows необходимо:

Шаг 1. Открыть каталог «Этот компьютер», нажать правой кнопкой мыши по необходимому логическому разделу и выбрать пункт «Свойства».

Шаг 2. В открывшемся окне перейти во вкладку «Сервис» и выбрать пункт «Проверить».

Шаг 3. Подтверждаем проверку диска и после ее завершения нажимаем по кнопке «Показать подробности».

Шаг 4. Вся информация и результаты проверки диска будут доступны в графе «Сведения».

Проверка диска из командной строки

В некоторых ситуациях пользователю может понадобиться запуск утилиты CHKDSK из командной строки. Такая возможность позволит проверить и восстановить диск в том случае, если система не запускается и графический интерфейс Windows остается недоступным.

Чтобы запустить командную строку из среды восстановления ОС, необходимо:

Шаг 1. Воспользоваться установочным диском или загрузочной флешкой Windows и после окна выбора языка нажать по пункту «Восстановление системы». Перейдя в среду восстановления, следует нажать по пункту «Поиск и устранение неисправностей».

Шаг 2. На следующем окне следует выбрать пункт «Дополнительные параметры», после чего можно обнаружить кнопку «Командная строка».

Также всегда остается возможность запустить утилиту проверки дисков через командную строку из работающей системы. Важно! Для использования полного потенциала CHKDSK следует производить запуск командной строки только с правами администратора. В ином случае утилита CHKDSK проведет проверку без устранения выявленных неполадок.

Запустить командную строку или Windows PowerShell от имени администратора можно, нажав правой кнопкой мыши по кнопке «Пуск» и выбрав пункт «Командная строка(администратор)».

Команды для работы с CHKDSK в командной строке

Находясь в командной строке, можно провести быструю проверку жесткого диска (аналогичная проверка была описана в начале) без перезагрузки системы. Для этого достаточно ввести команду «CHKDSK» и подтвердить действие кнопкой Enter.

Для проверки диска и исправления логических ошибок на нем необходимо воспользоваться командой «chkdsk C: /F /R», где С – имя необходимого диска.

Для подтверждения проверки диска после перезагрузки необходимо нажать клавишу «Y».

Помимо полного анализа и по возможности исправления поврежденных секторов, утилита может выполнять проверку и решение ошибок только файловой системы. Для этого следует воспользоваться командой «chkdsk C: /F» и подтвердить действие «Y».

С полным списком и описанием возможностей утилиты можно ознакомится, введя команду «chkdsk /?».

Стоит отметить, что проблемы с диском могут быть вызваны не только программными ошибками, но и физическим износом, механическими повреждениями поверхности и другими факторами, которые невозможно исправить при помощи встроенной утилиты CHKDSK.

Чтобы получить полную картину о состоянии носителя, можно воспользоваться бесплатной программой для проверки дисков Victoria. Узнать о том, как пользоваться, исправлять и проводить диагностику HDD с помощью Victoria Вы сможете в статье: «Используем программу Victoria для тестирования и исправления жесткого диска»

Восстановление информации с проблемного жесткого диска

Проблемы с жестким диском – всегда большая угроза для важной информации и документов, хранящихся на компьютере. Чтобы быть готовым к любым обстоятельствам, рекомендуем всегда иметь под рукой специальную программу для эффективного восстановления файлов RS Partition Recovery. Данная утилита поможет восстановить всю утерянную информацию даже в самых сложных случаях.

При помощи RS Partition Recovery можно восстанавливать:

• Случайно удаленные файлы и документы.
• Отформатированные фотографии и медиафайлы.
• Данные, удаленные вирусами.
• Информацию, которая была утеряна при изменении файловой системы и структуры диска.

title	description	ms.topic	ms.assetid	author	ms.author	ms.date
chkdsk	Reference article for the chkdsk command, which checks the file system and file system metadata of a volume for logical and physical errors.	reference	62912a3c-d2cc-4ef6-9679-43709a286035	jasongerend	alalve	11/22/2022

chkdsk

Checks the file system and file system metadata of a volume for logical and physical errors. If used without parameters, chkdsk displays only the status of the volume and does not fix any errors. If used with the /f, /r, /x, or /b parameters, it fixes errors on the volume.

[!IMPORTANT]
Membership in the local Administrators group, or equivalent, is the minimum required to run chkdsk. To open a command prompt window as an administrator, right-click Command prompt in the Start menu, and then click Run as administrator.

[!IMPORTANT]
Interrupting chkdsk is not recommended. However, canceling or interrupting chkdsk should not leave the volume any more corrupt than it was before chkdsk was run. Running chkdsk again checks and should repair any remaining corruption on the volume.

[!NOTE]
Chkdsk can be used only for local disks. The command cannot be used with a local drive letter that has been redirected over the network.

Syntax

chkdsk [<volume>[[<path>]<filename>]] [/f] [/v] [/r] [/x] [/i] [/c] [/l[:<size>]] [/b]

Parameters

Parameter	Description
<volume>	Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon), mount point, or volume name.
[ [<path>]<filename>	Use with file allocation table (FAT) and FAT32 only. Specifies the location and name of a file or set of files that you want chkdsk to check for fragmentation. You can use the ? and * wildcard characters to specify multiple files.
/f	Fixes errors on the disk. The disk must be locked. If chkdsk cannot lock the drive, a message appears that asks you if you want to check the drive the next time you restart the computer.
/v	Displays the name of each file in every directory as the disk is checked.
/r	Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information. The disk must be locked. /r includes the functionality of /f, with the additional analysis of physical disk errors.
/x	Forces the volume to dismount first, if necessary. All open handles to the drive are invalidated. /x also includes the functionality of /f.
/i	Use with NTFS only. Performs a less vigorous check of index entries, which reduces the amount of time required to run chkdsk.
/c	Use with NTFS only. Does not check cycles within the folder structure, which reduces the amount of time required to run chkdsk.
/l[:<size>]	Use with NTFS only. Changes the log file size to the size you type. If you omit the size parameter, /l displays the current size.
/b	Use with NTFS only. Clears the list of bad clusters on the volume and rescans all allocated and free clusters for errors. /b includes the functionality of /r. Use this parameter after imaging a volume to a new hard disk drive.
/scan	Use with NTFS only. Runs an online scan on the volume.
/forceofflinefix	Use with NTFS only (must be used with /scan). Bypass all online repair; all defects found are queued for offline repair (for example, chkdsk /spotfix).
/perf	Use with NTFS only (must be used with /scan). Uses more system resources to complete a scan as fast as possible. This may have a negative performance impact on other tasks running on the system.
/spotfix	Use with NTFS only. Runs spot fixing on the volume.
/sdcleanup	Use with NTFS only. Garbage collect unneeded security descriptor data (implies /f).
/offlinescanandfix	Runs an offline scan and fix on the volume.
/freeorphanedchains	Use with FAT/FAT32/exFAT only. Frees any orphaned cluster chains instead of recovering their contents.
/markclean	Use with FAT/FAT32/exFAT only. Marks the volume clean if no corruption was detected, even if /f was not specified.
/?	Displays help at the command prompt.

Remarks

• The /i or /c switch reduces the amount of time required to run chkdsk by skipping certain volume checks.

• If you want chkdsk to correct disk errors, you can’t have open files on the drive. If files are open, the following error message appears:

  Chkdsk cannot run because the volume is in use by another process. Would you like to schedule this volume to be checked the next time the system restarts? (Y/N)
  

• If you choose to check the drive the next time you restart the computer, chkdsk checks the drive and corrects errors automatically when you restart the computer. If the drive partition is a boot partition, chkdsk automatically restarts the computer after it checks the drive.

• You can also use the chkntfs /c command to schedule the volume to be checked the next time the computer is restarted. Use the fsutil dirty set command to set the volume’s dirty bit (indicating corruption), so that Windows runs chkdsk when the computer is restarted.

• You should use chkdsk occasionally on FAT and NTFS file systems to check for disk errors. Chkdsk examines disk space and disk use and provides a status report specific to each file system. The status report shows errors found in the file system. If you run chkdsk without the /f parameter on an active partition, it might report spurious errors because it cannot lock the drive.

• Chkdsk corrects logical disk errors only if you specify the /f parameter. Chkdsk must be able to lock the drive to correct errors.

  Because repairs on FAT file systems usually change a disk’s file allocation table and sometimes cause a loss of data, chkdsk might display a confirmation message similar to the following:

  10 lost allocation units found in 3 chains.
  Convert lost chains to files?
  

  • If you press Y, Windows saves each lost chain in the root directory as a file with a name in the format File<nnnn>.chk. When chkdsk finishes, you can check these files to see if they contain any data you need.

  • If you press N, Windows fixes the disk, but it does not save the contents of the lost allocation units.

• If you don’t use the /f parameter, chkdsk displays a message that the file needs to be fixed, but it does not fix any errors.

• If you use chkdsk /f* on a very large disk or a disk with a very large number of files (for example, millions of files), chkdsk /f might take a long time to complete.

• Use the /r parameter to find physical disk errors in the file system and attempt to recover data from any affected disk sectors.

• If you specify the /f parameter, chkdsk displays an error message if there are open files on the disk. If you do not specify the /f parameter and open files exist, chkdsk might report lost allocation units on the disk. This could happen if open files have not yet been recorded in the file allocation table. If chkdsk reports the loss of a large number of allocation units, consider repairing the disk.

• Because the Shadow Copies for Shared Folders source volume cannot be locked while Shadow Copies for Shared Folders is enabled, running chkdsk against the source volume might report false errors or cause chkdsk to unexpectedly quit. You can, however, check shadow copies for errors by running chkdsk in Read-only mode (without parameters) to check the Shadow Copies for Shared Folders storage volume.

• The chkdsk command, with different parameters, is available from the Recovery Console.

• On servers that are infrequently restarted, you may want to use the chkntfs or the fsutil dirty query commands to determine whether the volume’s dirty bit is already set before running chkdsk.

Understanding exit codes

The following table lists the exit codes that chkdsk reports after it has finished.

Exit code	Description
0	No errors were found.
1	Errors were found and fixed.
2	Performed disk cleanup (such as garbage collection) or did not perform cleanup because /f was not specified.
3	Could not check the disk, errors could not be fixed, or errors were not fixed because /f was not specified.

Examples

To check the disk in drive D and have Windows fix errors, type:

If it encounters errors, chkdsk pauses and displays messages. Chkdsk finishes by displaying a report that lists the status of the disk. You cannot open any files on the specified drive until chkdsk finishes.

To check all files on a FAT disk in the current directory for noncontiguous blocks, type:

Chkdsk displays a status report, and then lists the files that match the file specifications that have noncontiguous blocks.

Viewing chkdsk logs

There are two methods that can be used to retrieve chkdsk log file(s) in Windows. View the methods described below:

Event Viewer

To view logs with Event Viewer, navigate to the following:

1. Start > Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Event Viewer.

   Alternatively, press Win + R keys to bring up the run dialog box, type eventvwr.msc, and select OK.

2. Expand Windows Logs > right-click on Application > select Filter Current Log.

3. Within the Filter Current Log window, navigate to Event sources drop-down menu, select Chkdsk and Wininit.

4. Click OK to finish filtering for these two sources.

PowerShell

There are two source types when retrieving logs in PowerShell, chkdsk and wininit. Run one of the two commands in PowerShell to view the most current chkdsk log:

get-winevent -FilterHashTable @{logname="Application"} | ?{$_.providername -match "chkdsk"} | fl timecreated, message

get-winevent -FilterHashTable @{logname="Application"} | ?{$_.providername -match "wininit"} | fl timecreated, message

To export the log to a specific location, the following can be added to the end of the command | out-file "$env:userprofilelocationfilename.txt". Example:

get-winevent -FilterHashTable @{logname="Application"} | ?{$_.providername -match "chkdsk"} | fl timecreated, message | out-file "C:UsersAdministratorDesktopChkdsk_Log.txt"

get-winevent -FilterHashTable @{logname="Application"} | ?{$_.providername -match "wininit"} | fl timecreated, message | out-file "C:UsersAdministratorDesktopWininit_Log.txt"

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Related links

• Command-Line Syntax Key

What does CHKDSK /F /R do? How to use CHKDSK to repair the hard drive errors on Windows 10/8/7? Here is the full guide. 

What Is CHKDSK Command

In computing, CHKDSK (short for «check disk») is a system tool and command in DOS, Digital Research FlexOS, IBM/Toshiba 4690 OS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows and related operating systems. It verifies the file system integrity of a volume and attempts to fix logical file system errors. — explained by Wikipedia

CHKDSK, also known as Microsoft Check Disk, is a utility that can be used in almost all Windows versions. The CHKDSK command is used to scan through your entire hard drive to find and fix any errors. For example, when your computer freezes, you cannot access a certain disk due to a corrupted file system, then you can use the CHKDSK commands to check and fix the drive errors.

What Does CHKDSK /F /R /X Command Mean  

What is CHKDSK /F /R /X? The primary function of CHKDSK /F /R /X is to scan the integrity of the file system and file system metadata on a disk volume and fix any logical file system errors that it finds. Besides, CHKDSK also can be used for detecting bad sectors on the target disk that occur because of physical damage. Then, it automatically fixes these errors as well.

CHKDSK /F VS CHKDSK /R VS CHKDSK /X, What’s The Difference

CHKDSK can fix two types of disk errors: logical errors and physical errors. Based on the disk error types, you can use the different CHKDSK commands and switches to fix hard drive errors. CHKDSK /F, CHKDSK /R, and CHKDSK /X are the most commonly used CHKDSK commands. What is the difference between CHKDSK /F /R and /X?

• CHKDSK /F: Check for disk errors, not bad sectors. 
• CHKDSK /R: Locate the bad sectors on the target hard disk and try to recover the readable information from the bad sectors (implies /F).
• CHKDSK /X: Forces the volume to dismount first, if necessary. It also includes the functionality of /f.

When to use chkdsk /f, chkdsk /r, and chkdsk/x? You want to see existing errors, use CHKDSK /f command, you want recover readable information from back sectors, use CHKDSK /R, and dismount problematic disk, use CHKDSK /X.

If you feel like the provided information about CHKDSK, and it did help you have a better undersanding CHKDSK command lines, please share this guide to help more people around you!

What Does Each CHKDSK Parameter Means? Here Are the 

The syntax of the CHKDSK command is: 

chkdsk volume /f /v /r /x /i /c

If used without parameters, CHKDSK displays only the volume’s status and does not fix any errors. If used with the /f, /r, /x, or /b parameters, it fixes errors on the volume. What do the parameters ( /f /r /x… ) mean? Here are some common CHKDSK parameters and their meanings:

Run CHKDSK /F /R /X Alternative Tool to Fix and Repair Disk Errors

If you are not so tech-savvy and know little about computers, we highly recommend you try a professional CHKDSK /f /r /x alternative tool — EaseUS Partition Master to fix hard drive errors efficiently. It perfectly replaces CMD as reliable disk management tool and releases you from typing the commands manually.

EaseUS partition tool makes it effortless to repair disk errors. Follow the steps to check and repair your file system error:

Step 1. Open EaseUS Partition Master on your computer. Then, locate the disk, right-click the partition you want to check, and choose «Advanced» > «Check File System».

Step 2. In the Check File System window, keep the «Try to fix errors if found» option selected and click «Start».

Step 3. The software will begin checking your partition file system on your disk. When it completes, click «Finish».

Fixing disk error and repair internal file system error with EaseUS Partitoin Master is so easy. Share this tip to help more of your friends to rescue their problematic storage devices now:

If you don’t like to use the simple third-party CHKDSK tool, you can run CHKDSK in a harder way via 3 methods: using Command prompt, Windows PowerShell, and disk check tool.

1. Run CHKDSK in Command Prompt

Whenever you find your hard drive performs poorly or Windows asks you to repair drive errors, you can try to run CHKDSK to do the job. Here’s how to run CHKDSK /f on Windows 10/8.1/8/7.

Use CHKDSK /F /R on Windows 10 

Note: If you can’t boot into Windows 10 to run CHKDSK, fix the UEFI boot issue in Windows 10 with 5+ solutions.

Step 1. Press the Windows key and type cmd.

Step 2. Right-click «Command Prompt» and choose «Run as administrator».

Step 3. Enter the following command and press Enter: chkdsk C: /f /r /x. Replace «C» with the drive letter of the partition you want to repair.

Do not interrupt CHKDSK and wait patiently for the process to end. 

Aside from applying CHKDSK to fix disk errors, here are some tutorials that you may follow to learn more details about this command:

Run CHKDSK on Windows 8.1/8 

To run the utility from Command Prompt for Windows 8.1/8 users, here are the instructions:

Step 1. Press the Windows and C key to open the Charm bar.

Step 2. Select «Search» and type cmd.

Step 3. Right-click on «Command Prompt» and click «Run as administrator.»

Step 4. When Command Prompt launches, type the command below and press «Enter»: chkdsk E: /f /r /x.

Run CHKDSK on Windows 7 CMD

If you are a Windows 7 user, you can run the CHKDSK command by the following steps:

Step 1. Click «Start». Type cmd at the search box.

Step 2. Right-click on cmd.exe and click «Run as Administrator». Enter your Administrator password if necessary.

Step 3. When cmd.exe opens, type the command below and press «Enter»: chkdsk c /f /r.   

If you receive the «Chkdsk cannot run because the volume is in use by another process.» message, type Y to restart the computer and let the utility to run a scan at the next boot of your PC.

Extended Reading:

If you are looking for a guide to run CHKDSK to check and fix disk errors on Wnidows 11, try this recommended guide page and you’ll learn how to do so.

2. Use CHKDSK/F/R in Windows PowerShell

If the Command Prompt not working in Windows 10, you can also run the CHKDSK /F or /R command in Windows PowerShell to fix hard drive errors.

Step 1. Click the Search button and type PowerShell.

Step 2. Right-click the PowerShell and choose Run as administrator.

Step 3. Type chkdsk c /f /r to start fixing disk error. Replace C with the drive letter of the target disk.

3. Run CHKDSK Alternative — CheckDisk in Properties Window

Running the Check Disk tool from the Windows desktop is easy. Follow the steps below to run CHKDSK in Windows 10. It works the same way on Windows 8 and Windows 7.

Step 1. Open This PC in File Explorer > right-click the HDD/SSD you want to scan > choose «Properties».

Step 2. Under the Tools tab > click the «Check» button under the Error-checking section.

Step 3. Next, you can choose to Scan drive if wanted or Repair drive if errors were found.

Step 4. When the scanning finishes, click on the Show Details link to see the CHKDSK log in Event Viewer.

Conclusion

Any time you have hard drive errors or corrupted files, the CHKDSK can be a lifesaver. You can use the disk error checker that comes with every Windows version with the full guide above.

Or you can use the ultimate disk management tool — EaseUS Partition Master to repair organize your hard drive to enhance system performance easily.

FAQs About CHKDSK /F /R That You May Be Interested In

You may encounter CHKDSK related problems; what to do then? Here are the common issues of CHKDSK errors; read on to figure out the solutions.

1. Is CHKDSK R safe?

It’s safe to run the CHKDSK /R command under normal circumstances as long as you’re using the syntax properly. There are different parameters with CHKDSK; you can check the CHKDSK parameters and choose the one that suits your problem to fix disk errors.

2. How long does chkdsk /f /r take?

It depends.

• chkdsk -f should take under an hour on that hard drive.
• chkdsk -r will take some time. It could take over an hour, maybe two, three, or more, depending on your partitioning.

You can interrupt the scan, but not recommended. Canceling or interrupting CHKDSK should not leave the volume any more corrupt than it was before CHKDSK was run. You can start it again, and it will check and repair any remaining corruption on the volume.

3. What to do when CHKDSK is stuck or frozen?

• Restart your computer.
• Press Esc or Enter to stop chkdsk from running.
• Run the Disk Cleanup utility to clear out junk files.
• Open an elevated CMD, type sfc /scannow, and press Enter to run the System File Checker. 
• Restart and exit chkdsk again during the startup by pressing Esc or Enter.
• Open CMD as admin, type Dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth, and press Enter to repair the Windows image.
• Run CHKDSK again.

The scan should be able to run to completion this time.

4. CHKDSK /F /R VS CHKDSK /R /F on Windows

What’s the difference between CHKDSK /F /R and CHKDSK /R /F commands on Windows computer?

This is no much difference between chkdsk /f /r and chkdsk /r /f. The only difference is the sequence of two parameters /f and /r. /f means to fix errors on target disk and /r means to locate bad sectors and recover readable information. Mostly, the correct form should be chkdsk /f /r. Basically, when we don’t know if the target drive contains bad sectors, we would suggest that you run the overall CHKDSK command: chkdsk /f /r /x together.