Они бы заметили эту ошибку если бы были более внимательны ответы

II
1.Они бы заметили эту ошибку, если бы были более внимательны.
2.Будь я на вашем месте, я бы пошёл пораньше, чтобы застать его.
3.Что бы вы сказали, если бы я спросил вашего совета?
4.Если бы не важность этого дела, я бы остался дома.
5.Если не застанешь нас дома, оставь записку.
6.Я сожалею, что не смогу пойти завтра на вашу лекцию.
7.Мой брат сожалел, что не присутствовал при проведении этого опыта.
8.Жаль, что ты не сказал мне этого сразу.
9.Жаль, что он не говорит по-английски.
10.Какое красивое платье! Жаль, что у меня нет такого.
III
1.Если бы я жил в Москве, я бы часто ходил в музеи.
2.Что мы будем делать, если они опоздают?
3.Если бы он не был таким рассеянным, он был бы отличным студентом.
4.Если бы вы позвонили вчера, я бы сегодня принёс вам эту книгу.
5.Если бы не моя работа, я бы с удовольствием сам был вашим гидом.
6.Как бы я хотела пойти на эту вечеринку! Она должна быть очень весёлой.
7.Жаль, что вы не обратили внимания на его предупреждение.
8.Мы пожалели, что не последовали его совету.
9.Как бы я хотела, чтобы они вернулись к Рождеству.
10.Хоть бы кто-нибудь взял с собой карту!

(II)1. They would have noticed this error, if there were more careful.2. If I were in your shoes, I would go early to catch him.3. What would you say if I asked your advice?4. If not for the importance of this case, I would have stayed home.5. If not zastanesh’ home, leave a note.6. I’m sorry that I won’t be able to go tomorrow for your lecture.7. My brother regretted that was not present in the experience.8. It’s a pity that you didn’t tell me this at once.9. It’s a pity that he spoke no English.10. What a beautiful dress! Sorry that I don’t have.(III)1. If I lived in Moscow, I would often go to museums.2. What we will do, if they will be late?3. If he hadn’t been so scattered, it would have been an excellent student.4. If you called yesterday, I would have brought you this book today.5. If it were not for my job, I’d love myself was your guide.6. I wish I could go to this party! It must be really fun.7. It’s a pity that you did not pay attention to his warning.8. We regret that had not followed his advice.9. As much as I wanted them to come back for Christmas.10. I hope somebody took a map!

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II
1. They would have noticed this error, if there were more careful.
2.Bud I were you, I would go early to catch him.
To 3. What do you say if I asked your advice?
Would 4.If not the importance of the case, I would have stayed at home.
5. if we do not find him at home, leave a note.
6. I regret that I can not go tomorrow on your lecture.
7.Moy brother regretted not present during this experience.
8 .Zhal that you did not tell me this once.
9.Zhal that he does not speak in English.
10. what a beautiful dress! It is a pity that I do not have this.
III of
1. If I lived in Moscow, I would often go to museums.
2. What do we do if they are late?
To 3. If it was not so distracted, he would be an excellent student.
would be 4. If you called yesterday, I have today brought you this book.
5. If it were not my job, I would have been happy to be your guide himself.
to 6. As I wanted to go to this party! It should be very fun.
7.Zhal that you do not pay attention to his warning.
8.My regret that did not follow his advice.
9. How would you like them to come back for Christmas.
Would anyone 10.Hot I took a card!

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ii1.они would have noticed the mistake if you were more careful.2.будь i in your position, i would go early to catch up with him.3.что would you say if i asked your advice?4.если would not the importance of the case, i would stay at home.5.если won’t catch us at home, just leave a note.6.я i’m sorry i can’t go tomorrow for your lecture.7.мой brother regretted not having had the experience.8.жаль, didn’t you tell me right away.9.жаль that he doesn’t speak english.10.какое beautiful dress! sorry, i don’t have that.iii1. residing if i lived in moscow, i would often go to the museums.2.что we do if they are late?3.если it wouldn’t be so absent-minded, he would have been a great student.4.если would you call yesterday, i would have brought you to this book today.5.если wouldn’t my job, i’d love to you as your guide.6.как i wanted to go to this party! she must be very fun.7.жаль that you don’t pay attention to the prevention.8.мы regretted that didn’t follow his advice.9.как i wish they came back for christmas.10.хоть somebody took a map!

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• In der Deutschstunde lernen wir neue Wör
• THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Respiration occur
• Хорошо
• я смотрю телевизоря играю в классики
• In der Deutschstunde lernen wir neue Wör
• он красивый и расслабляет , в особую атм
• Did you get early at weekend ?
• In Russia people have got gardens in the
• Aquae plumbi
• Look at the map of these countriesLook a
• 3 Read an extract from Arabian Sands. Ar
• мой любимый двоюродный брат Алеша
• Когда я проснулся, светило солнце
• uoy dredoing to study russian arent you?
• Den rechten Weg ein zu schlahen
• Hominum
• мы работаем пять дней в неделю
• 0 craig works in an architect’s office A
• Я люблю покупать современную одежду
• мой друг не очистит свою комнату
• We want to find a partner who will take
• Ватафак
• what’s your home like?
• пониженное содержание инсулина в крови

5.Если бы она вчера достала билет, то завтра бы уехала. 7. Если бы не наш учитель,

ябы не узнала так много интересного. 8. Если бы он не проглядел (overlook) этой ошибки, он бы теперь не переделывал весь проект сначала. 9. Если бы мне довелось писать статью на эту тему, я бы не стал приводить (cite) столько цитат. 10. Если бы я хорошо ходил на лыжах, я бы обязательно принял участие в соревнованиях.

1.1 REVISION

Ex. 20. (В) Supply the necessary forms for the verbs given in brackets.

1. If I (to realise) it was to be like this, I (not to come). 2. If he (not to tell) us that himself I never (to believe) that. 3. He (to agree) never with you, even if he (be) wrong. 4 .1(to be) grateful if you (to keep) the news to yourself. 5. Ifanyone (to ask) me what his specific gift was, I (not to know) howto answer. 6. She said she (to be) pleased if my mother (to allow) me to spend a month with them. 7. Mary is staying with them. I think it (to be) a good thing if you (to come) and (to see) her. 8. Ifwe ever (to happen) to meet again I (to act) as if this letter never (to write).

Ex. 21. (В, C) Replace the infinitives in brackets by the correct form of the verb.

1. If it (to be) all the same to me, I (not to come) and (to talk) with you. 2. If there (to be) some more of us, it (to take) only a few days to get through with it. 3. If anyone (to call), I shall give him the telephone number so that he (to get in touch) with you. 4. Leave a message for me if you (not to find) me in. 5. He (not to understand) it even if he (to be given) a broad hint which none other would miss. 6. Ifyou (to come across) an expression that you do not know, write it out, please. 7. You (not to find) the house even if you (to ask) for directions: it has been pulled down recently.

Ex. 22. (C) Supply the necessary forms for the verbs given in brackets in the following conditional sentences referring to the future.

1. If Ed (to learn) about it, he probably never (to speak) to me again. 2. I (to be) in the drawing-room in case there (to be) a telephone call for me. 3. He wondered how he (tofeel) if his former wife (to come) into the room. 4. Philip says they (to miss) me if I (to leave) before theirwedding. 5. Incase any crisis (to arise), let me know. 6. You (to do) it differently, ifyou (haveto do) it over again? 7. Ifthis (to be) our last meeting for some time, I (not to like) you to remember this talk. 8. it (to be) awkward if she (to refuse) to co-operate. 9. What his mother and father (to think) if they (to hear) of what he has done? 10. Ifthe situation (not to change) by Saturday I (to be) in trouble. 11.1 (not to be) surprised if he (to offer) an important post under the next government.

Ex. 23. (C)Translate into English.

I

1. Если бы не ваша помощь, я не смог бы закончить работу вчера. 2. Если бы он пришел вовремя, этого могло бы не случиться. 3. Если бы пошел дождь, я бы промокла до костей, так как на мне было очень легкое платье. 4. Если бы вы действительно

любили читать, вы всегда бы нашли время для чтения. 5. Куда бы ты пошел, если бы не шел дождь? 6. В случае, если пойдет дождь, я останусь дома. 7. Если бы я сказал что-нибудь подобное твоей тетушке, она сочла бы меня сумасшедшим. 8. Я буду у себя дома на случай, если ты передумаешь. 9. Возможно, что он чувствовал бы и вел бы себя иначе, если бы обстоятельства были иными. 10. Если бы ты не был так занят, мы могли бы пойти куда-нибудь пообедать. 11. Если бы у нас не было багажа, мы могли бы дойти до станции пешком. 12. Вы бы чувствовали себя лучше, если бы не ложились спать так поздно (to keep late hours). 13. Мы бы не опоздали на поезд, если бы взяли такси. 14. Мы могли бы пойти на каток, если бы не было так холодно. 15. Пьеса понравилась бы мне больше, если бы она не была такой длинной. 16. Вы бы себя хорошо сегодня чувствовали, если бы вчера приняли лекарство. 17. Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы больше проводил времени на открытом воздухе. 18. Вы бы лучше знали язык, если бы читали книги в оригинале. 19. Если бы не моя болезнь, я бы уже окончил университет. 20. Вы бы не разбили вазу, если бы были осторожны. 21. Мы, возможно, не заблудились бы, если бы ночь не была такой темной. 22. Я вернусь в шесть, если меня не задержат в университете. 23. Если бы не дождь, мы могли бы поехать за город. 24. Вы были бы уже здоровы сейчас, если бы вовремя обратились к врачу. 25. Если бы не его болезнь, семья переехала бы в город.

II

1. Если бы миссис Копперфильд не имела намерения выйти замуж, она бы не послала Дэвида кмистеру Пеготи. 2. Дэвид часто думал о том, что, если бы не мистер Пеготи, Эмили была бы несчастным бездомным ребенком. 3. Дэвид сказал Пеготи: “Ядумаю, что ваш брат очень добрый; он бы не удочерил (to adopt) маленькую Эмили, если бы не был таким добрым человеком.” 4. Маленькая Эмили часто говорила Дэвиду, что если бы случилось так, что она бы стала богатой дамой, она бы подарила мистеру Пеготи золотые часы, серебряную трубку и целый ящик денег. 5. Дэвид не знал, что его мать вышла замуж за мистера Мердстона. Если бы он знал, он не возвращался бы домой втаком хорошем настроении. 6. Если бы мистер Мердстон сказал Дэвиду хоть одно ласковое слово (kind), мальчик бы, возможно, полюбил его. 7. “Как бы мы были сейчас счастливы, если бы матушка не вышла замуж за мистера Мердстона,” — часто думал Дэвид. 8. Дэвид был способный мальчик и мог бы хорошо учиться, если бы на уроках не присутствовали Мердстоны.

(From “English GrammarExercises” by Kaushanskaya V.L. a. o.)

1.2 TEST

(A, B)

1.He волнуйся, если я потеряю перчатки, я куплю новые.

2.Если бы они были здесь сейчас, я поговорил бы с ними.

3.Мы бы никогданепознакомились, если быон непригласил нас насвойденьрождения.

4.Если у него будет высокая температура, пошлите за доктором.

5.Если бы я больше зарабатывал (earn), я бы ездил на юг каждый год.

6.Если бы я не был учителем, у меня не было бы такого длинного отпуска.

7.Если бы ятогда хорошо знал английский, меня бы взяли на работу вэту компанию.

8.Если бы вы больше занимались, вы бы не провалили экзамен (fail at) сегодня.

9.Если бы не карта, мы бы не нашли дорогу.

10.Если бы не сигнал тревоги (alarm), я бы не знал, что в отеле пожар.

11.Если бы вы сообщили заранее, я бы обязательно пришел сегодня.

12.Если бы у меня тогда был выбор, я бы сейчас не работал на заводе.

2. MAKING A WISH

You can express wishes about the present, oast and future. We use “wish” to say that we regret something, that something is not as we would like it to be.

—you would give her my message.

—He могли бы вы передать ей мою просьбу.

*Itispossible only ifthe subject of the principal clause (Iwish) is not the same as the subject ofthe object clause (he, you, it would do it).

Here are some more examples, underneath each there is a sentence expressing the same wish in the past.

a) I wish I knew how to drive a car.

I wish I had known how to drive a car in 1975. b) Iwish today was a holiday.

Iwish yesterday had been a holiday. c) I wish I could travel round the world.

I wish I could have travelled round the world when I was a young man. (The speaker is not young, so he is speaking about thepast.)

Itis rendered into Russian as follows:

□ I wish he were here.

EXERCISES

Ex. 1.(В, С)

I. Read these sentences, the words in brackets make the meaning fuller.

a)I wish I knew how to drive a car. (Atthe time of speaking, the speaker doesn’t know how to drive a car.)

Or: I don’t know how to drive a car. I wish I did.

b)I wish today was a holiday. (But today is not a holiday.)

c)I wish I had more time to read. (At the time of speaking the speaker hasn’t got much time to read.)

d)I wish I could travel round the world. (At the time of speaking, the speaker can’t travel round the world. Perhaps he hasn’t got enough money, or time.)

e)The father told his children, “I wish you wouldn’t make so much noise. I’ve got a head­ ache.” (when the father says this, his children are making a lot of noise.)

II. Add to each of the following examples 2 sentences, both beginning: “I wish ….”

Example 1:1don’t understand this question.

Answer: I wish I did. I wish I understood this question. Example 2: It’s still raining.

Answer: I wish itwasn’t. I wish itwasn’t still raining. Example 3: My father can’t give me more pocket money.

Answer: I wish he could. I wish he could give me more pocket money.

1. My brother doesn’t have a very long holiday. 2. I can’t play the piano. 3. My tooth is aching. 4 .1sometimes make careless mistakes. 5. He’s not coming to see me today. 6 .1 can’t swim well. 7 .1don’t know how to answer this question. 8. He always drives too fast. 9.1don’t speak English fluently. 10.1can’t go to the cinema this evening. 11. The teacher gives us a lot of homework. 12. My father doesn’t come home from work early. 13.1live a long way from the Institute. 14. Our television set is broken. 15.1can’t sell my old bicycle.

Ex. 2. (В, С) Practisethefollowing according tothe models.

Model 1:A. I know five languages.

В. I wish I knew five languages, (stress on the second “I”)

Or: B. Ifonly I knewfive languages! (this formis much more dramatic andless generally useful then the “I wish” form)

1.I have a flat here.

2.I live near my work.

3.I have plenty of time for reading.

4.I understand it.

5.My son writes every week.

6.My house looks out on a park.

7.I can take a day off any time.

Model2:A. I asked Bill.

В. I wish you’d asked Tom too.

Or: B. If only you’d asked Tom too. (“had”is normally contracted here)

1.I invited Paul.

2.I stopped Mary.

3.I rangAnn.

4.I wrote to Alex.

5.I spoke to John.

6.I warned Philip.

7.I voted for Peter.

Model 3: Take more care. — I wish you would take more care.

Don’t shout at me. — I wish you wouldn’t shout at me.

1.Don’t throw rubbish on the floor.

2.Listen to me.

3.Don’t waste so much time.

4.Try to answer my questions.

5.Get up earlier.

6.Don’t be so impatient.

7.Look where you are going.

8.Speak more clearly.

9.Don’t open the windows.

10.Don’t walk so fast.

11.Write more carefully.

12.Don’t come into the room without knocking.

13.Help me to move this cupboard.

14.Keep quiet.

Ex. 3. (В, C) Add to each of the following a sentence, beginning: “Iwish… ”.The words in brackets will help you to form your sentences.

1. We lost the game yesterday, (win) 2 .1sat at the back of the hall, and couldn’t hear his speech very well, (every word) 3. The sea is rough, we can’t sail to the island, (calm) 4. There were no taxis, so I had to walk from the station, (find) 5 .1went to bed very late last night, and I’mhalf asleep this morning, (so late)6. I could only answer three of the questions

at the last examination, (all of them) 7. The box was heavy, I couldn’t carry it. (help me) 8. My father gave me some good advice, but I didn’t take it. (his advice) 9. One of my friends went to London for a holiday last summer, but I couldn’t go. (with him) 10. Whydidn’t you watch the cat? Itate all the fish. I’m so angry with you. (more attentive) 11. There was so much noise in the streets last night that I couldn’t sleep well, (better) 12. There was a very good film on last week, but I didn’t see it. (read the program) 13. We went for a picnic yesterday, but it rained all the time, (so hard) 14.1was lazy and wasted mytime when I was at school, (harder) 15.1didn’t understand what he said yesterday (louder) 16. This house is very nice and comfortable. I’d like to buy it, but it is very expensive, (less expensive)

Ex. 4. (C) Rewrite the following, using a “wish”construction (phrases in brackets should be omitted).

1.I’m sorry I don’t live near my work. 1wish 1lived near my work.

2.I’msorry 1don’t know Finnish.

3.I’msorry 1didn’t book a seat.

4.I’msorry 1can’t drive.

5.I’d like you to keep quiet. (You are making so much noise that 1can’t think.)

6.It’s a pity he didn’t work harder during the term.

7.I’m sorry you didn’t see it.

8.It’s a pity you are going tonight.

9.I’d like you to wait for me (even though you are ready to start now).

10.I’msorry 1didn’t bring a map.

11.I’msorry 1didn’t know you were coming.

12.I’msorry 1can’t swim.

13.I’m sorry you aren’t coming with us.

Ex. 5. (В, C) Translate into English.

1. Жаль, что сегодня идет дождь. Если бы погода была солнечной, мы бы смогли провести день в лесу. 2. Я не знаю, где он сейчас живет. Если бы я знал его адрес, я бы обязательно ему написал. 3. Жаль, что я уже вернул вчера в библиотеку учебник. Если бы я знал, что он тебе нужен, я бы принес тебе его. 4. Жаль, что я не живу поблизости от института. 5. Почему вы не попросили тогда меня вам помочь? Я бы обязательно вам помог, если бы вы попросили меня об этом. 6. Жаль, что вы не посмотрели этот фильм. Он довольно долго демонстрировался в кинотеатрах Москвы. 7. Я люблю читать, но у меня мало свободного времени. Если бы у меня было больше времени, я бы смог больше читать. 8. Жаль, что я не смог пойти в театр с вами в прошлую субботу. Если бы я не был занят, я бы обязательно пошел.

3. REVISION

Ex. 6. (С)Translate into English.

1.Жаль, что вы пришли так поздно. 2. Обидно, что мы ушли до его прихода.

3.К сожалению, они еще ничего не знают. 4. К сожалению, они уже знают об этом.

5.Жаль, что он такой легкомысленный. 6. Жаль, что он не очень серьезен. 7. Я теперь

MODAL VERBS

1. DEFINITION

Modal verbs are used to show the speaker’s attitude towards the action. We use them with other verbs. There are 10 modals: can, may, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare. Modal verbs are not “complete” verbs. They are called defective because they lack (except dare and need) component tenses, the passive voice and have some other peculiarities:

1.We can’t use them as “to”-infinitives: to go, to speak.

2.We don’t use the “to”-infinitives after modals:

□You mustn’t phone now. It’s late.

3.There is no -(e)s in the 3rd person singular:

□The boss can see you now.

Jn their first use modaJ verbs have basic meanings which are given in the dictionaries:

can/could — ability	□ Ican lift 25 kg / 1can type,
may/might — permission	□ You may leave early,
shall/will/would- prediction	□ It will rain soon,
should/ought to — duty	□ You should do as you are told,
must — total obligation	□ You must be quiet,
needn’t — no obligation	□ You needn ’t wait.

The second use of modal verbs is to express degrees of certainty or uncertainty.

QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVES

Can you play chess?

Could you swim when you were a child?

I can’t understand a word.

Must I go there now?

THE CONTRACTED FORMS

can’t [karnt] couldn’t [kudnt] needn’t [ni:dnt] shouldn’t [Judnt] oughtn’t [o:tnt] mayn’t [meint] mustn’t [mAsnt]

2. CAN

		FORMS AND MEANINGS
MODAL VERB		PRESENT	PAST	FUTURE
Equivalent
can	can	could
to be able to …	am	“ ■*	I able to…	will be able to…
	is	able to … were	I
	are
	IN ITS FIRST MEANING ‘CAN’ EXPRESSES:
1. Mental, physical,		Can you lift this box?
circumstantial ability	He can solve the most difficult problems.
		They can get there by bus.
2. Permission		You can go now.
можете + инф.		You can play with the boys here.
3. Request		Can you do me a favour?
		Could you get me a glass of water?
4. Prohibition		You can’t cross the street here.
нельзя + инф.

NOTES:

1.We use could/couldn’t to describe ‘‘generalability” in the past:

□I could run very fast when I was a boy.

□I could read when I was 5.

But if we mean that someone managed to do something in the particular situation, you have to use:

was/were able to do smth (not could)

□The fire spread throughout the building very quickly but everyone was able to escape (= managed to escape).

□They didn’twant to come with us atfirst but inthe end we were able (= managed) to persuade them.

was/were able to = managed “смог”, “удалось»

The negative couldn’t is possible in all situations:

□My grandfather couldn’t swim.

□We tried hard but we couldn’t persuade them.

2.We use could (do) in a number of ways:

a)it is a past of can (do), expressing general ability in the past:

□My grandfather could speak five languages.

b)sometimes we use could to speak about possible future actions. In this case it has a present or future meaning:

□What shall we do this evening? We could go to the cinema. Мы могли бы пойти в кино.

□When you go to New York, you could stay with Linda.

… ты могла бы остановиться у Линды.

3.The past of could(do) is could have (done). We use could have(done) to saythatwe had the ability or opportunity to do something but did not do it:

□We didn’t go out last night. We could have gone to the cinema but we decided to stay at home.

… могли бы пойти в кино, но решили остаться дома.

□Why did you stay at a hotel in New York? You could have stayed with Linda.

4.We often use can + verb in place of the simple present with the verbs of perception:

□Ican see a bird in that tree. (= Isee)

□Can you see it? (Do you see it?)

□Ilooked up but couldn’t see anything. (= didn’t see)

□I can smell something burning.

□Ican understand what he means.

□Icouldn’t understand what he said.

□I can’t see anyone.

EXERCISES___________________________________________________

Ex. 1. (A, B) Explain the meaning of “can” (ability, permission, request, prohibition, possible action) in the following sentences.

1. She is unwell, she can’t leave her room. 2. Can I smoke here, Mrs Right? 3. The teacher said they could all go home. 4. A policeman arrived and told him he couldn’t park there. 5. My son is not in town; but he’ll be here before long. — Can I give him any message? 6. We can discuss it now. 7 .1could never understand what made her behave as she did. 8. Ifyou are tired you can lie on the sofa for a bit. 9. “Life,”the old man said, “can only be understood when you are old. Now I see all the mistakes I could have avoided. ” 10. We are in charge of this great business. We cannot leave our responsibility to others. 11. He was surprised that she could paint so well. 12. She is not married though she could marry anybody she chose.

Ex. 2. (A, B) Fill in the spaces with “will be able to” or “will not (won’t) be able to”.

1. When her arm is better, she_______ playthe piano again. 2. I’msorry, but I________

come to your birthday party next week. 3. He________eat everything when the doctor allows him. 4. My sister________go out to dances until she is seventeen. 5. Why do you sit at the back of the class if you can’t hear well? You________hear better if you sit in the front. 6. I’mtoo busy to have a holiday this year, but I hope I________have a long holiday next year. 7. The train leaves at five o’clock tomorrow morning. We________catch it if we don’t get up very early. 8. He was working very hard before he fell ill. He________

work so hard when he comes out of hospital. 9. Perhaps one day we________travel to the Moon. 10. She________wear her new dress when it is ready. 11. This is a very difficult problem. I’m afraid you________solve it without help. 12. The doctor is very busy; he____ „ see any more patients today.