Синтаксическая ошибка return c

I’ve been looking at c++ for a while now, but all I have been able to do so far is basic console stuff. I wanted to do some more stuff so I started looking at SDL. I installed SDL no problem, but when I tried to follow this (http://pgdc.purdue.org/sdltutorial/01/) tutorial on SDL basics, the output from Visual Studio 2008 was:

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/* -- Include the precompiled libraries -- */
#ifdef WIN32
#pragma comment(lib, "SDL.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "SDLmain.lib")
#endif

#include <stdlib.h>
#include "SDL.h"

#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	SDL_Surface *screen;
	SDL_Surface *picture;
	SDL_Event event;
	SDL_Rect pictureLocation;
	int leftPressed, rightPressed, upPressed, downPressed;
	const SDL_VideoInfo* videoinfo;
	
	atexit(SDL_Quit);

	/* Initialize the SDL library */
	if( SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0 ) {
		fprintf(stderr,"Couldn't initialize SDL: %sn", SDL_GetError());
		exit(1);
	}

	screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(640, 480, 32, SDL_DOUBLEBUF | SDL_HWSURFACE);
	if ( screen == NULL ) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't set 640x480x8 video mode: %sn",
			SDL_GetError());
		exit(1);
	}
	
	videoinfo = SDL_GetVideoInfo();

	printf("%i", videoinfo->blit_hw);

	// Load Picture
	picture = SDL_LoadBMP("Iapetus.bmp");

	if (picture == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't load %s: %sn", "SDL_now.bmp", SDL_GetError());
		return 0;
	}

	while(TRUE) {
		if (leftPressed) {
			if (pictureLocation.x > 0)
				pictureLocation.x--;
		}
		if (rightPressed) {
			if (pictureLocation.x < 640-picture->w)
				pictureLocation.x++;
		}
		if (upPressed) {
			if (pictureLocation.y > 0) {
				pictureLocation.y--;
			}
		}
		if (downPressed) {
			if (pictureLocation.y < 480-picture->h) {
				pictureLocation.y++;
			}
		}

		SDL_FillRect(screen, NULL, 1000);
		SDL_BlitSurface(picture, NULL, screen, &pictureLocation);
		SDL_Flip(screen);

		if( SDL_PollEvent( &event ) ){
		/* We are only worried about SDL_KEYDOWN and SDL_KEYUP events */
		switch( event.type ){
			case SDL_KEYDOWN:
				switch(event.key.keysym.sym) {
					case SDLK_LEFT:
						leftPressed = TRUE;
						break;
					case SDLK_RIGHT:
						rightPressed = TRUE;
						break;
					case SDLK_DOWN:
						downPressed = TRUE;
						break;
					case SDLK_UP:
						upPressed = TRUE;
						break;
					case SDLK_ESCAPE:
						exit(0);
					default:
						break;
			}
				break;
	
				case SDL_KEYUP:
					switch(event.key.keysym.sym) {
						case SDLK_LEFT:
							leftPressed = FALSE;
							break;
						case SDLK_RIGHT:
							rightPressed = FALSE;
							break;
						case SDLK_DOWN:
							downPressed = FALSE;
							break;
						case SDLK_UP:
							upPressed = FALSE;
							break;
						default:
							break;
					}
					break;

					default:
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

I have no idea why it told me «return» was a syntax error and I had missing «;», having rechecked the whole code twice, and would appreciate any help in resolving my problems.

Hey;
I’m kinda new to C++, but I’m getting a syntax error for my return statement in my function. Here’s my code:
// Physics Problem Solver.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include «stdafx.h»
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sstream>

void welcome();
int mainMenu();
void kinematics();
void dynamics();
void cmwe();
void motionAndWaves();

using namespace std;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    welcome();
    return 0;
}

//===========================================================================================================================================================================================================
//Functions
//===========================================================================================================================================================================================================
void welcome()
{
    cout << «Welcome to the Physics 20 Problem Solver. Please select your unit:» << endl;
    int menuSelection = mainMenu();
    system(«PAUSE»);
}
//===========================================================================================================================================================================================================
int mainMenu()
{
    int menuSelection = 1;
    char input = _getch();
    if (int(input) = 31)
        menuSelection++;
    if (int(input) = 30)
        menuSelection—;
    if (menuSelection < 1)
        menuSelection = 1;
    if (menuSelection > 4)
        menuSelection = 4;
    do
    {
        switch(menuSelection)
        {
        case 1:
            cout << «KINEMATICSnDynamicsnCircular Motion, Work, and EnergynOscillary Motion and Mechanical Waves» << endl;
            break;

            case 2:
            cout << «KinematicsnDYNAMICSnCircular Motion, Work, and EnergynOscillary Motion and Mechanical Waves» << endl;
            break;

                    case 3:
            cout << «KinematicsnDynamicsnCIRCULAR MOTION, WORK, AND ENERGYnOscillar Motion and Mechanical Waves» << endl;
            break;

            case 4:
            cout << «KinematicsnDynamicsnCircular Motion, Work, and EnergynOSCILLAR MOTION AND MECHANICAL WAVES» << endl;
            break;
        }
        while (int(input) != 13);
    }
    return menuSelection;
}

I don’t know why I’m getting this error, it’s the only return statement there. When I comment out the return line, I get a syntax error on my last curly brace. What’s wrong with the damn curly brace…I really don’t know. Been sitting here staring at it for an hour, this is the part of programming I hate.

Software errors are prevalent. It’s easy to make them, and it’s hard to find them. In this chapter, we’ll explore topics related to the finding and removal of bugs within our C++ programs, including learning how sto use the integrated debugger that is part of our IDE.

Although debugging tools and techniques aren’t part of the C++ standard, learning to find and remove bugs in the programs you write is an extremely important part of being a successful programmer. Therefore, we’ll spend a bit of time covering such topics, so that as the programs you write become more complex, your ability to diagnose and remedy issues advances at a similar pace.

If you have experience from debugging programs in another compiled programming language, much of this will be familiar to you.

Syntax and semantic errors

Programming can be challenging, and C++ is somewhat of a quirky language. Put those two together, and there are a lot of ways to make mistakes. Errors generally fall into one of two categories: syntax errors, and semantic errors (logic errors).

A syntax error occurs when you write a statement that is not valid according to the grammar of the C++ language. This includes errors such as missing semicolons, using undeclared variables, mismatched parentheses or braces, etc… For example, the following program contains quite a few syntax errors:

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::cout < "Hi there"; << x << 'n'; // invalid operator (<), extraneous semicolon, undeclared variable (x)
    return 0 // missing semicolon at end of statement
}

Fortunately, the compiler will generally catch syntax errors and generate warnings or errors, so you easily identify and fix the problem. Then it’s just a matter of compiling again until you get rid of all the errors.

Once your program is compiling correctly, getting it to actually produce the result(s) you want can be tricky. A semantic error occurs when a statement is syntactically valid, but does not do what the programmer intended.

Sometimes these will cause your program to crash, such as in the case of division by zero:

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    int a { 10 };
    int b { 0 };
    std::cout << a << " / " << b << " = " << a / b << 'n'; // division by 0 is undefined
    return 0;
}

More often these will just produce the wrong value or behavior:

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    int x;
    std::cout << x << 'n'; // Use of uninitialized variable leads to undefined result

    return 0;
}

or

#include <iostream>

int add(int x, int y)
{
    return x - y; // function is supposed to add, but it doesn't
}

int main()
{
    std::cout << add(5, 3) << 'n'; // should produce 8, but produces 2

    return 0;
}

or

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    return 0; // function returns here

    std::cout << "Hello, world!n"; // so this never executes
}

Modern compilers have been getting better at detecting certain types of common semantic errors (e.g. use of an uninitialized variable). However, in most cases, the compiler will not be able to catch most of these types of problems, because the compiler is designed to enforce grammar, not intent.

In the above example, the errors are fairly easy to spot. But in most non-trivial programs, semantic errors are not easy to find by eyeballing the code. This is where debugging techniques can come in handy.